IMPACT OF CLASS
ATTENDNACE ON STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN BUSINESS STUDIES. A CASE STUDY
OF JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN LAGOS
STATE (IKOSI EJINRIN LOCAL DEVELOPMENT AREA AGBOWA)
A PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTING
EDUCATION, EKITI STATE UNIVERSITY ADO-EKITI IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELORS DEGREE IN ACCOUTING EDUCATION.
CERTIFICATION
__________________ __________________
__________________ __________________ MR. ADEBOSIN W.G DATE
HEAD
OF DEPARTMENT
__________________ __________________
EXTERNAL SUPERVISOR DATE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Abstract
Class attendance is no doubt very important in the
classroom administration by teachers and on the other hand student academic
performance.. It is however rather
unfortunate that most teachers and
school despite administering class attendance do not really note the extent of
importance of class attendance as a
result this project tends to weigh and identify the extent to which class
attendance has affected students performance in Busieness education in various
secondary schools across the state, the reaserach focused on the teacher and
students by administering questionnaire to them separately in order to get
their view which in turn became a basis for testing hypotheses. On the other hand secondary data was also collected from the
Education district office at Falomo in Ikoyi to describe the extent of the
significance of Class attendance while
the chi square test was used to test hypotheses.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page ……………………………………………………………………….
Certification ………………………………………………………………..
Dedication ………………………………………………………………….
Acknowledgement …………………………………………………………
Abstract ……………………………………………………………………..
Table of Contents
……………………………………………………………
1.0
CHAPTER
ONE: Introduction
1.1 Background
to the Study………………………………………………
1.2
Statement of Problem
……………………………………………………
1.3
Purpose of the Study …………………………………………………….
1.4
Research Question
………………………………………………………
1.5
Research Hypotheses
……………………………………………………
1.6
Scope of the Study
……………………………………………………..
1.7
Significance of the Study
………………………………………………..
1.8
Operational Definition of Term
………………………………………….
2.0
CHAPTER TWO: Review of Related
Literature
2.1
Empirical Literature on Class
Attendance ……………………………
2.1.1 Standardize
test Scores ……………………………………………….
2.1.2 Student
Grade ………………………………………………………..
2.2 Factors
Influencing Class Attendance …………………………………
2.2.1 Attitudes
to School ……………………………………………………
2.2.2 Relationships
with Teachers ………………………………………….
2.2.3 Relationships
with Peers ………………………………………………
2.2.4 Academic
Self-rating …………………………………………………
2.2.5 Parental
Involvement ………………………………………………….
2.2.6 Students
Identity ……………………………………………………….
2.3 Meaning
and Definition of Absenteeism and Truancy …………………
2.4 Causes
of Absenteeism and Truancy in Secondary Schools …………….
2.4.1 Home
as a Causative Agent of Truancy ………………………………..
2.4.2 School
as a Causative Factors of Truancy …………………………….
2.4.3 Society
as a Factor for Truancy ……………………………………..
2.5 Causes
of Down Slope Movement of Class Attendance in Nigeria……
3.0 CHAPTER THREE: Research Methods
3.1 Research
Design …………………………………………………..
3.2 Population
of the Study …………………………………………….
3.3 Sample
and Sampling Technique ………………………………….
3.4 Research
Instrument and Instrument ………………………………
3.5 validity
of the Instrument ………………………………………….
3.6 Reliability
of the Instrument ………………………………………
3.7 Administration
of the Data Analysis………………………………
3.8 Method
of the Data Analysis………………………………………….
4.0
CHAPTER FOUR: Results and Discussion
APPENDICES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Background of the Study
A school is set-up for the main
purpose of bringing student’s from different families together under one roof i.e
a classroom. Effective teaching and learning cannot take place without the
coming together of the teachers and the learners/students. In other to check
student’s commitment to receiving of instruction from the teachers, an
administrative record is designed and used on daily basis i.e the attendance
register.
The attendance register is therefore
defined as a book that records the daily physical presence of the students in
school/classes. Good(2010) explained further that attendance at schools is not
merely being bodily present but including active participation in the work and activities
of the school. Attendance can be divided into two extremes of being “ a mere
appearance of the students at school” and “ the student present during the whole
day though some student’s may truly be at the assembly during the collective
worship period and leave school before the closing hour after the row might
have been called in the morning. In some cases, some of these students may
truly be in school but rather engage themselves in illegal activities such as
sleeping, reading negatively motivated novels, playing with electronics device
(handset) and going to the field to play games among others (Roger 2013).
Attendance is kept by the form teacher
to supervise the day to day commitment of the student in school and also
supervised on weekly basis by the school head. The attendance register is also
supervised on term or annual basis by the supervisors from the ministry of
education and other professionals particularly in education on unscheduled visits,
parents also used the attendance register to supervise the movement of their
children occasionally.
The attendance register is mostly
concerned with school/class attendance. Dedicated teachers also take student’s
to ascertain the number of students who received their lesson.
Typerman (2009 cited in Fagne,2012)
identified two types of attendance as regular attendance and irregular
attendance. According to the author, regular attendance is a characterized as
being present, punctual and been involved in the activities of the school, the
regular students will always come to school except for some certain
circumstances beyond their control which may probably be sickness, death or
accident which are regarded as legal absenteeism in the dictionary of
education. On the other hand, irregular attendance for whatever causes is a
distress call. It can therefore be described as a deliberate absenteeism of
oneself from school for no just cause.(Good 2010) further described irregular
attendance as a failure of the students to be physically present in the school
for reasons that are not recognized by the school authority as legitimate. This
may be in be form of absence, truancy, illegal works such as being on the family’s
farm or being compelled by their mothers to stay at home to take care of
babies.
Hence attendance is an important
administrative record, used by parents and school authority to monitor, control
and supervise student’s activities in schools. A student that is not regular,
in school, faces learning problems resulting from the late coming to school,
inability to read and not consulting with the teacher (Onomuodeke 2012).
School and home factors affect student’s
attendance. The social status and educational level of parents influence school
attendance, geographical location of school, students attitude towards school
and subject, inadequate supervision of student activities by teachers, and
parents poor teaching methods, lack of facilities affect student’s school
attendance (Oghuvbu 2011) students developed negative attitude towards school
leavers, repetition of class and insecurity.
Some other factors were also notified as the
age of student, family commitment as regard jobs, working hours and family
health factors, but students with greater motive without conflict of interest
are more regular in school (ChiniMochi 2013).
On the importance of attendance
register Nwadiani (2009) stated that school head and teachers should have
accurate information of all the activities in the school have accurate
information of all the activities in the school for effective and easy decision-making,
aids educational grant procurement and also to satisfy legal requirement and continuous
assessment.
This introduction serves to wet our
appetite regarding the issue of class attendance and academic performance of
students in business studies and as we delve into the topic, further problems
are explained in full detail.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Many researchers have investigated
series of administrative problems affecting student’s academic performance,
some identified factors including poor instructional quality, student’s
negative attitude to school work, overcrowded classroom, poorfacilities in
school (Oghuvbu 2009). From the experience of the
researcher,
student attendance is low in some educational development area in IkosiEjinrin
Local government schools. Teachers are in school, while most learners are at
home. During examination period, there is 100% attendance in school.
Examination oriented student’s attendance by nature depends on the knowledge of
the regular attendance.Students entering examination hall with prepared
materials which are types of examination malpractice.
According to Hergrove (2010) and words
2009 cited in Iyamu and Obumu (2011) the problem of class attendance and
performance has been identified in school. They in clued academic under achievement,
which increases costs wastage difficulty
in making friends which could lead to boredom, loss of confidence and
engagement in premature sexual activities which could lead to pregnancy
resulting in drop-out and stress among young careers. The society suffers as
the children of school age hang around in the streets intimidating other people
and stealing properties of those who are in school or other places of work
(Davidson et al 2014). Attendance called also result into poor academic performance,
loss of friends and partners, disruptive in class when absentees return to
school, difficulty in keeping accurate records, reduces ability to meet
instructional target and damaged school reputation (Oghubu 2011).
This unscientific performance calls to
mind certain questions. Does attendance in school and at lesson has no
influence on student’s academic performance? What is the correlation between
attendance and academic performance of student in secondary school in Lagos state
Nigeria?
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The
main purpose of this study is to:
Investigate
the impact of class attendance on student’s academic performance in business
studies.
The
specific purposes of the study are:
I.
To examine the
relationship between class attendance and academic performance of student’s in
business studies.
II.
To check the level of
regularity among business studies student’s.
III.
To determine the roles
of punctuality and absenteeism on academic performance of student’s in business
studies.
IV.
To identify the causes
of absenteeism in secondary schools in Nigeria, with a special emphasis on
IkosiEjinrin local council development Area of Lagos State.
1.4 Research Questions
The
following research questions were formulated.
I.
What are the effects of
class attendance on student’s academic performance in business studies?
II.
How often do students
attend business studies class?
III.
Has the increase or
decrease of punctuality affected student’s academic performance in business
studies?
IV.
What are causes of
absenteeism of business studies student’s in secondary school?
1.5 Research Hypothesis
The
hypothesis for this research work was formulated as follows:
Ho1 There is no significant relationship between
student’s academic performance in business studies and class attendance
Ho2 There is no significant relationship between
the frequency of student’s regularity and academic performance in business
studies
Ho3
There is no significant
relationship between punctuality and student’s performance in business studies.
Ho4
There is no significant
relationship between absenteeism and student’s academic performance and
business studies
1.6 Scope of the Study
This research work focuses on the
impact of class attendance on student’s academic performance in business
studies in IkosiEjinrin Local Government educational Development area of Lagos state
as a case study. However, five secondary schools (one private and four Public
secondary schools) were selected and used namely:
1. Agbowa
Community Senior Grammar School
2. Lagos
State Model College Agbowa
3. Ajebo
High School Ajebo
4. Ota
Ikosi Community Grammar School
5. Baptist
Model High School Agbowa
However
the facts as per data collected from these schools are explicity analyzed in
chapter four.
1.7 Significance of the Study
The
following groups will benefit from the study; students, parents, teachers,
researcher and ministry of education of Lagos state and the country at large.
This study will aid the students in
knowing the importance of class attendance and how it can positively affect
their academic performance in business studies.
The study will also expose the parents
to how often their wards attend school and to supervise them occasionally.
Furthermore, this study will be
relevant to teachers in monitoring the attendance register and in ensuring that
a good class attendance is been kept and maintained by students in other to
foster a better performance in their course of study.
Through this study, researchers will
be able to extract relevant information on the statistical data class
attendance and how it will improve the academic performance of student’s in
business studies.
Moreover, this study will provide
relevant information to supervisor from the ministry of education and other
professionals particularly in education about rate of class attendance and it
effects on student’s academic performance in business studies.
1.8 Operational Definition of Terms
Class Attendance:Is
an attendance used in checking the daily commitment of student’s towards
classes. Class attendance register is a book that shows the number of time
students attend class and also show physical presence of the students in school
or classes.
Academic Performance:Is
the outcome of education the extent to which a student, teacher or institution
has achieved his or her educational goals. Also, people believe that academic
performance generally refers to how well a student is accomplishing his or her
tasks and studies. Academic performance is commonly measured by examination or
continuous assessment but there is no general agreement on how it best tested
or which aspect is most important.
Secondary School:Is
a school that is intermediate in level between elementary school and college
which usually offer, general technical vocational a college preparatory
curricular (‘also high school”) is a term used to describe an educational
institution where there final stage of schooling, known as secondary education
and usually compulsory upto specified age, takes place. It follows elementary
or primary education, and may be followed by university (tertiary) educations.
Business Studies:Is
an academic subject that is taught at higher level in many countries and it
combines the elements of accounting, finance, marketing and organizational
studies and economics. It is a dynamic course which prepares students for the
challenges of the 21st century by introducing them to the world of
business. Business studies Is the study of how business operate, it may be
pursued at the undergraduate and post graduate levels, and occasionally even in
secondary education. Generally business studies involved theoretical, and perhaps
also practical, course work in how to manage a company, construct a business
model and generally run a business. They may also involve the study of
accounting, entrepreneurship, finance, marketing and or supply chain
management.
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