IMPACT OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE CONTROL ON BANK PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA

      ( A CASE STUDY OF FIRST BANK OF NIGERIA)

                                                                        BY

EKPE MICHAEL IFEANYI

                                            MATRIC NO: EKSU/EPE/12/0056

A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTING FACULTY OF EDUCATION,  EKITI STATE UNIVERSITY, ADO EKITI. IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (ED) IN ACCOUNTING

                                                                                                       DECEMBER, 2017

                                             CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that this study was carried out under my supervision by Mr. Akano and has been approved as meeting the requirements of the faculty of Education, Department of Accounting, University of Ado-Ekiti Nigeria.

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________________                                                                _______________

Mr. Akano K.                                                                                          Date

Supervisor

________________                                                                _______________

Mr. Adebosin W.G                                                                          Date

________________                                                                _______________

Dr. O.A. Viatonu                                                                                       Date

Directorate of Degree Programmes

________________                                                                _______________

External Examiner                                                                          Date

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                                                DEDICATION

This research work is dedicated to God the Almighty for His grace, strength, the ability and most importantly the direction during my period of study.

          Also, in memory of my late father, Mr. Ekpe. May his soul rest in perfect peace (Amen).

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                                       ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I express enormous appreciation to Almighty God, the protector for spearing my life and making my degree programme a successful one. Am very grateful and appreciative of those who contributed in no small measure either directly or indirectly to the successful completion of the research project.

Firstly, I thank my supervisor, Mr. Akano for his support and good suggestion, fatherly advice, and kindness in reading this paper before final presentation. Kudos to you sir, Heaven is your reward.

I also appreciate my departmental lecturers Mr Adebosin W.G, Mr Ayanwole A.A, Mr Oyewole, Mr Oluwo, Mr Adeyemi A.P etc for their love, reasonable advice, sound academic, moral teaching and assistance.

Heartily, I appreciate my parent, Mrs Ekpe Rosemary Ginka for her full support in the success of my education, an enormous thanks to you (mum). I pray you will eat the fruit of your labour.

My sincere appreciation goes to my elder brother, Adebola Ogunlana, a great thanks to you sir for your moral advice and correction and unending support toward my educational career.

My special thanks goes to my closest friends; David Eucharia, Alelamole Precious, Tunde, Ebunu Blessing for their support and assistance toward my education.

I will not forget to appreciate my hostel mates; Akpan Nsikak, Oguntunwase Oluwabunmi, Adigun, Kemi, Wunmi, Dami, Lolade, Tilewa and Biggy,

I also appreciate the efforts of Omotoprecious Ventures in the typesetting of this research study.

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                                                ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to establish the control and implication of foreign exchange transaction on bank performance in Nigeria using First Bank Plc as a case study. To achieve this, the study was analyzed in five chapters. It made use of both primary and secondary data obtained from articles, journals, magazines of First Bank Plc. To data was analyzed using both descriptive inferential statistics such as questionnaires. The study revealed that most of the banks in the Nigeria have related problem in control which has heavy implications on foreign exchange transaction. The study provided empirical evidence to support that foreign exchange transaction has impact on banks net earnings in Nigeria.

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                                                TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE PAGE

CERTIFICATION

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1  background to the study                                                              1

1.2  statement of the problem                                                             5

1.3  Scope and Limitation of the Study                                                       5

1.4  Research Questions                                                                     6

1.5  research Hypotheses                                                                             6

1.6  significance of the study                                                              7

1.7  Definition of Terms                                                                     7

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1     Introduction                                                                                      9

2.2     Capital Market and Economic Growth                                   19

2.3     Conceptual Framework                                                           31

2.4     Empirical Framework                                                             35

                                                          vi

2.5     The measure and Types of Banking Risk                                41

2.6     Exchange Rates                                                                       44

2.7     empirical framework                                                               25

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1     Research design                                                                       48

3.2     Population of the Study                                                                   48

3.3     Sample and sampling techniques                                            49

3.4     Sources of Data Collected                                                       49

3.5     Research Instrument                                                                50

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.1     Returns of Questionnaire                                                                  51

4.2     Data Presentation                                                                    51

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1     summary of Findings                                                              65

5.2     conclusions                                                                              65

5.3     recommendations                                                                    66

REFERENCES                                                                                 68

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APPENDIX          I                                                                                    72

APPENDIX II                                                                                   74                                                                       

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AGRICULTURE EDUCATION TOPIC

EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS IMPACT ON GOAT PRODUCTION

(A CASE STUDY OF SELECTED LIVESTOCKS FARMS IN EPE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF LAGOS STATE)

                     

                            

                                                           BY

        OMOTAYO INUMIDUN REBECCA

         MATRIC NO: PT1502/06/02/012

A RESEARCH PROJECT PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION, FACULTY OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION, MICHAEL OTEDOLA COLLEGE OF PRIMARY EDUCATION

                                                                        ABSTRACT

This article presents a brief overview of stress and its impact on growth, production, reproduction and disease susceptibility in farm animals. A single measure of stress might not be a reliable indicator and it is usually more informative to combine multiple indicators of stress to assess animal welfare. Popular measures of stress such as alterations in hormonal profiles can be complemented with behavioral and immunological changes. Traditional approaches are insufficient to unravel the role of large number of genes and interconnected genetic pathways leading to multiple responses to stresses. Modern genomic and proteomics methodologies used in identifying the biomarkers and molecular mechanisms of stress response have also been described briefly. With a better understanding of the basic biology, altered physiological processes and the genes/proteins involved in stress adaptability, it would be possible to develop methodologies for selection of animals with better performance and devise strategies for goat welfare.

                                                                        CHAPTER ONE

                                                                        INTRODUCTION

1.1       Background to the Study

The term stress has been derived from the Latin word stringere, meaning to draw tight. In the 1920s and 1930s, the term was occasionally used for harmful environmental agent that could cause illness. Walter Cannon used it in 1934 to refer to external factors that disrupted homeostasis. The novel usage arose out of Selye's 1930s experiments wherein he referred stress as a condition and stressor to the stimulus causing it.

Stress is a reflex reaction revealed by the inability of an animal to cope with its environment, which may lead to many unfavorable consequences, ranging from discomfort to death. It covers the behavioral and biological responses to a wide range of abiotic stressors such as social interactions or rough handling, common farm practices (castration, dehorning, teeth clipping, shoeing, weaning crowding etc) improper feeding, exposure to adverse climatic conditions, exercise, work and transport etc. Stressors can originate from within an individual (endogenous) or from the environment (exogenous). Stress-triggering stimuli are not Stress in farm animals 1760 necessarily painful but psychological states, such as fear or anxiety also activate physiological responses. Once animal perceives a threat, it develops behavioral, autonomic, endocrine or immune response to maintain homeostasis. In case animal is unable to withstand stress, the consequences will be abnormal biological functions and development of pathologies. Stress responses are related not only to the nature and the intensity of the triggering stimulus, but also to individual response tendencies or temperament.

The body systems which are mainly involved in the process of adaptation to the environment are endocrine system for long-term responses and nervous system for sensory inputs and short term responses. When an environmental pressure exceeds to that which animal’s adaptive mechanisms can accommodate, stress related disease occurs. Many theories have been postulated to explain the organism's physiological response to stress. Hans Seyle proposed the general adaptation syndrome which provided the first comprehensive biological theory of stress. He proposed three stages which constituted alarm, resistance and exhaustion. When the threat or stressor is identified or realized, the body's stress response is a state of alarm. In this stage that animals react by fighting or fleeing. If the stressor persists, the body tries to adapt to the strains or demands of the environment. Exhaustion is the third and final stage when all of the body's resources are eventually depleted and the body is unable to maintain normal function. If stage three is extended, the immune system is exhausted resulting to development of psychosomatic disease, immunosupression, reduced efficiency of production and reproduction. It affects ability to perform and make animals susceptible to physio-pathological disorders.

1.2       Statement of the Problem

Small ruminants i.e. goats play an important role in providing food and monetary security to the poor farmers apart from being a major portion of the country’s agricultural output. The small ruminants have gained lots of importance in the past decades in the light of climate change that has been eclipsing the environment in the form of extreme events such as droughts, disease outbreaks; increased natural calamities, ozone layer depletion, glacier melting, etc. because they happen to be a substitute to decreased crops which is food source for humans. These animals are also affected by the environmental impact as their larger counterparts (large ruminants) and other livestock animals, but comparatively they are more resilient to climate change.       Therefore, this research attempts to highlight those problem areas and provide solutions to them.

1.3       Purpose of the Study

The study aims at providing solution to the problems of poultry production and marketing of selected poultry farms in Epe local government

            The broad objectives of the study are as follow:

1. To review existing literature, collect and collate relevant information on solving the problems    of multiple environmental stress impact on goat production.

2. To examine the various environmental stressors that influence the small ruminants

3. The consequences that those stressors have on the growth, production and reproduction of        goats.

4. To identify possible solutions to the problem of goat production.

5. To recommend measures for improving the performance of goat production.

1.4       Research Questions

In view of the statement of the problem above, the following research questions will be asked

1.         What are the effects of multiple environmental stress on goat production

2.         To what extent has the stress affect goat production

1.5       Research Hypotheses

Ho₁: There is no significant difference between multiple environmental stress impact and the        success of goat production

Ho2:    There is no significant difference between the availability of market for the products         or services determines and the survival of goat production.

Ho3: There is no significant relationship between research play in the survival and growth of the business.

1.5       Significance of the Study

In Nigeria economy, the industrial sector is dominated by poultry and livestock production industries. A careful study in economic analysis of poultry production and marketing is very relevant.

            The study would serve as a guide to the business owners, the management as well as prospective entrepreneurs with respect to how to set up and manage goat production,, coping with and handling common problems of the business.

            The study would serve as a challenge to the government to promote and assist poultryand livestock production business by planning programmes and implement policies that will favour them and enhance their growth.

1.6       Scope and Limitation of the Study

The study is limited to the livestock farms engaged in goat production in Epe local government. These are typical examples of small-scale industries in Nigeria. The study does not cover the performance of large scale industries.

1.7       Definition of Terms

Stress:              Are externally applied to a body which causes internal stress within the body.

Effect:             The result or outcome of a cause.

Goat:               is a ruminant mammals of the genus Carpa, related to the sheep.

Production:     The act of making or creating something

                 

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SOCIAL STUDIES TOPICS

EFFECT OF PROJECT METHOD ON PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN SOCIAL STUDIES IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN JIGAWA STATE, NIGERIA


                                                                        BY

                                                            Yusuf ADAMU,
                                           (B.A. ED, SPECIAL EDUC/SOCIOLOGY)
                                                          P13EDFC8031

            A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES,                                           AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA

  IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIRMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF A MASTERS’                           DEGREE IN EDUCATION (CURRICULUM AND INSTRUCTION)
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATIONS AND CURRICULUM, FACULTY OF                                                                           EDUCATION
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA MAY, 2016

                                                                              iii
DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the work in the dissertation entitled Effect of Project Method on the performance of students in Social studies in Junior Secondary Schools in Jigawa State, Nigeria has been carried out by me in the Department of Educational Foundations and Curriculum. The information derived from the literature has been duly acknowledged in the text and a list of references provided. No part of this dissertation was previously presented for another degree or diploma at this or any other Institution.


Yusuf ADAMU                                                                                                               Date


 iv


                                                            CERTIFICATION

This dissertation entitled EFFECT OF PROJECT METHOD ON THE PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN SOCIAL STUDIES IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN JIGAWA STATE, NIGERIA by YUSUF ADAMU meets the regulations governing the award of the degree of Masters in Education (Curriculum and Instruction) of the Ahmadu Bello University, and is approved for its contribution to knowledge and literary presentation.

Dr. A. A. Dada                                                                                                 Date
Chairman, Supervisory Committee

 Dr. A. Guga                                                                                             
Member, Supervisory Committee                                                                    Date

Dr. B. A. Maina
Head of Department                                                                                         Date

Prof. K. Bala               
Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies                                                               Date

                                                                           
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                                                                          DEDICATION

This dissertation is dedicated to my father; Adamu, mother; Khadija, wife; Fatima and children; Ahmed, Abdulrazaq and Khadija for their support.





                                                                                vi

                                                                 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
All praise is to Allah. I would like to express my deep appreciation to the members of supervisory committee, Dr. A. A. Dada and Dr. A. Guga for their contributions, encouragement and assistance in many different ways. Thank you very much for your constructive criticism, suggestions and inspiration, without which this would not have emerged and completed. I am extremely grateful to all those who have provided me with their help, encouragement and assistance in one way or the other towards the completion of my programme. Also, worthy of acknowledgement are my lecturers, Dr. S.U. El-Yakub, Dr. (Mrs) H. O. Yusuf, Dr. A. F. Mohammed, Dr. B. Maina, Dr. M. Bawa, Dr. (Mrs.) H. Y. Audi and Dr. W. A. Ehinmidu among others. I must also appreciate the support and friendship of the entire 2012/2013 Med Curriculum and Instruction students, most especially Baba Babo, Silas John, Samail Abubakar, Samail Hussaini, Ibrahim Ibrahim, to mention but a few, for their unquantifiable support and prayers, they are indeed unforgettable for their contributions. Special thanks go to my entire family members for their immeasurable moral, financial support and prayers throughout my educational carrier. May Allah reward them with Aljanna Firdausi.
                                                                                      vii

                                                                            ABSTRACT
The study examined the effect of project method on the performance of students in Social studies in junior secondary schools in Jigawa State, Nigeria. The study was carried out with the objectives to; determine the difference between the performances of students taught social studies using project method and those taught with conventional method in junior secondary schools in Jigawa state; examine the extent to which gender difference affect the performance of students taught social studies using project method in junior secondary schools in Jigawa state; and compare the performance of students taught social studies using project method in rural and urban junior secondary schools in Jigawa state. Three research questions and three null hypotheses were postulated in line with the stated objectives. The study was conducted using quasi-experimental research design. The study used a target population of 12,380 JSSII students from Dutse education zone in Jigawa State. The total of fifty-two (52) students were sampled as experimental group, while sixty-five (65) students were sampled for the control group making the total of one hundred and seventeen (117) students, comprising of seventytwo (72) male and forty-five (45) female students. Data for the study was collected through the pre-test, treatment and post-test using a teacher made instrument (Test), which consisted of 30 objective test items and a treatment package. Data collected were analyzed statistically through the use of the descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics of independent sample t-test. It was found that, there was significant difference in the performances of students taught social studies using project method and those taught with conventional method in junior secondary schools in Jigawa State and there was no significant difference in the extent to which gender difference affect the performance of students taught social studies using project method in junior secondary schools in Jigawa State among other finding. Based on the findings, recommendations were made that project method should be incorporated into the teaching of Social studies at the secondary school level since it stimulate students to effectively learn and retain the concepts presented to them. Teachers should ensure they plan their lessons with equal learning opportunity for both male and female students in junior secondary schools in Jigawa State.

                 

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